Hraško, Ľ., Németh, Z. & Konečný, P., 2024: Variscan lithotectonic units in the Suchý massif of the Strážovské vrchy Mts, Western Carpathians – products of sedimentary, tectonometamorphic and granite forming processes [Variské litotektonické jednotky v masíve Suchého v Strážovských vrchoch, Západné Karpaty – výsledok sedimentárnych, tektonometamorfných a granitizačných procesov]. Mineralia Slovaca, 56, 1, 3 – 50.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2024.56.1.1
Abstract: The present geological investigation of the Pre-Alpine structure of the western part of Strážovské vrchy Mts (the Suchý massif; Western Carpathians) has distinguished three lithologically distinct Variscan lithotectonic units, which originated (1) in the deeper parts of oceanic basin (prevailingly metapelites with different content of organic matter, metabasalts, metacarbonates?); (2) sediments of the continental slope (flyschoid sediments with a predominance of greiwacke sediments; both VmD0); (3) a unit of continent basement primarily of pre-VmD0 granitic composition (orthogneiss). These rock sequences of differing geotectonic provenances were amalgamated and metamorphosed in the pre-intrusive (Pre-Mississipian) stage; pre-VmD2). Regarding the Variscan polyorogenic evolution, Variscan processes in Tatricum represent the Meso-Variscan evolution (VmD).
The maximum P-T conditions of orogenic (regional) metamorphism (up to 610 °C and 7.5–8.5 kbar) were not sufficient for more extensive anatexis. Field observations indicated that the production of a limited volume of granitoid melts occurred mainly at the contacts of amalgamated lithotectonic units. Probably due to the heat, produced by the hot line below the collisional orogen and contributing also to unroofing processes (in orogenic phase VmD2) there started new granitization process. This stage of Mississippian VmD2 granite formation is associated with the emplacement of various types of granitoid magma, encompassing the oldest granodiorites with frequent schliers, representing a poorly differentiated and poorly mobile crystal slurry (present in the SE part of the territory). In the highly evolved collision phase, masses of leucogranites intruded comformably with the deformation plan in the metamorphic complexes, interacting with surrounding metamorphic rocks in shallower crustal conditions and causing their contact metamorphic overprint (up to 590 °C and 3–4 kbar). The syn-deformation character of leucocratic granites is proved by the orientation of biotite flakes parallel to the deformation plane of surrounding metamorphites. Part of leucogranites, especially in the central parts of the bodies, is omnidirectional. The stress field acted not only during the intrusion of the leucogranite magma, but also in the subsolidus stage. The final stage of this process is the formation of large bodies of pegmatites in extensional VmD2 fractures oriented at a large angle to the main stress component. The texture of the grey blocky K-feldspar pegmatites and the lack of H2O-bearing minerals point to pneumatolytic fracturing in a subsequently opened environment in VmD2. The final stage of VmD2 is represented by intrusions of I-type granodiorites with indications of magma mixing, or mingling. The chemical dating of monazites in granitoids allowed to date individual phases of granitization process in the range of 360–345 Ma, which youngest ages correspond with the formation of pegmatites. Dating of monazite in metamorphic rocks points to their thermal overprint during granitization process (360–350 Ma), having already earlier metamorphic overprint (380–370 Ma). The scenario of placement of granitoid intrusions is consistent with the decompression regime (in VmD2) after the end of VmD1c crustal thickening until the fracturing of the crustal block with of I-type magma intrusions of deeper origin. After this period, the exhumation of crystalline blocks, partial diaphtoresis and later surface erosion continue until the Lower Triassic. The re-submergence of the crystalline complexes is associated with a low degree of Alpine metamorphic reworking.
Key words: Western Carpathians, Strážovské vrchy Mts, Variscan lithotectonic units (LTUs), XD labelling, crystalline complexes, polymetamorphism, granite genesis